Global shipping, logistics and marine services provider GAC is strengthening its strategic focus on the Asian Pacific energy sector with the appointment of Lailah Soon as Regional Business Development Manager, Oil & Gas.

Soon has more than a decade of experience in the oil & gas logistics sector in Singapore, New Zealand and Dubai. She is now drawing on that experience to drive GAC’s business offering a wide range of integrated solutions to support oil & gas operations at established and new locations for exploration and extraction throughout the region.

She is based in Singapore, and reports direct to Group Vice President – Asia Pacific, Fredrik Nystrom, who says: “Despite the prices fluctuations of recent years, the oil & gas industry remains a key component in our long-term plans.

“Lailah’s appointment to this new dedicated role demonstrates our belief in Asia’s increasingly important contribution to the world economy and the GAC Group’s long-term commitment and global focus on oil & gas. She will serve an important role in the Asia region, steering our efforts to deliver world-class support and achieve even greater engagement with the sector.”

GMC has received an award from DeepStar (www.deepstar.org) as part of DeepStar Phase XII-B funding. The project titled ‘Testing of High-Strength Mechanically Connected Steel Riser’ will demonstrate the strength and fatigue resistance of high-strength mechanically connected and friction welded pipe for steel catenary riser applications. Full-scale testing will be performed to Industry Standards for risers and pipelines and will include mechanical testing of friction joints, as well as full-scale fatigue testing friction joints and the connector rated for 15Ksi pressure service.

“This project award underscores the urgent requirement in the offshore oil & gas industry to develop cost effective technical solutions for developing deepwater and ultra-deepwater prospects. Completion of this testing will significantly advance the technology readiness level of GMC’s Intelligently Connected Pipe (ICP™). GMC appreciates the support of the DeepStar organization who play a key role in advancing new technologies to solve offshore challenges,” said Glen Viau, Chief Operating Officer of GMC Limited.

About DeepStar

DeepStar is an innovative, joint-industry technology development project that has established itself as upstream’s longest-running and most successful research consortium. DeepStar is committed to advancing the technologies of its members deepwater business needs in order to increase production and reserves. DeepStar consortium provides a forum to execute deepwater technology development projects and to leverage the financial and technical resources of the deepwater industry. DeepStar Phase XII commenced in January 2014 with twelve Oil Company Participants. DeepStar participants represent a strong mix of large and mid-size operators, USA and non-USA based, drawing in a rich array of diverse expertise to address common deepwater challenges.

The renaming completes the integration of key UK specialists - Fugro Seacore, Fugro Engineering Services, EM Drilling, Fugro Loadtest, Fugro Instrumentation & Monitoring and Fugro Aperio.

Renamed to reflect the depth and diversity of its offering, Fugro GeoServices Ltd employs close to 600 staff and undertakes seven key activities: nearshore geotechnical, offshore geotechnical, marine installation, onshore ground investigation, cone penetration testing, geophysics and instrumentation and monitoring. The company also has geotechnical laboratories and carries out a range of built environment surveys and testing.

Fugro GeoServices works worldwide undertaking site investigation and marine construction support projects-in challenging conditions.

The restructure is in line with Fugro’s continued integration of its global capabilities ‘without boundaries’ to deliver world class multi-service projects more efficiently in challenging market conditions.

The company works offshore and on land providing engineering and geotechnical services for clients in the energy, infrastructure and mining sectors worldwide. Projects include the Kribi port development (Cameroon), BP’s Azeri oilfield (Azerbaijan) and Flamanville nuclear power plant (France). Significant UK projects include Hinkley Point nuclear power station, Gwynt y Môr and Walney offshore wind farms, HS2, as well as the Garden Bridge, Shard and Thames Tideway projects in London.

Marcus Rampley, MD of Fugro GeoServices, said: “Our group delivers an amazing range of services to many sectors; we drill some of the biggest diameter holes in the ocean floor and test the foundations of the world’s tallest buildings, we inform the designers of offshore wind projects, tunnels and pipelines and we measure, test and monitor existing infrastructure throughout its lifecycle. We are making it easier for clients to contact us and work with us, and believe that restructuring as Fugro GeoServices makes us better able to deliver the complex multi-disciplinary projects that we are respected for.”

Technip USA, Inc., an affiliate of Technip SA of France, and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI), Ltd. have entered into an agreement to develop a joint design of a low motion semi- submersible production platform. The purpose is to establish a design and delivery model that leverages Technip’s proven engineering expertise as well as SHI’s extensive experience in semi-submersible FPS[1] construction. It also aims at defining a global configuration in full compliance with clients’ specific project design basis. SHI will complete the detail design and fabrication package in alignment with its own yard’s efficiencies.

The hull form to be developed is based on Technip’s patented Heave and VIM Suppressed(2) (HVS) semi-submersible. It has best-in-class overall motion performance for the vital support of both top tension and steel catenary risers. SHI has fabricated several world-class production semi-submersibles including Jack St. Malo for the US Gulf of Mexico and Ichthys for offshore Australia.

The resulting joint design effort will lead to compressed design and delivery of world-class production systems, a feature very much in tune with operators’ demands today for shorter schedules. The relationship also covers joint design and delivery of topsides for the semi- submersible systems.

Jim O’Sullivan, Chief Technology Officer Offshore, Technip USA, Inc., commented: “While our expertise covers a full range of offshore facilities, we are delighted to jointly develop this semi-submersible design for global FPS markets, in close collaboration with our partner Samsung Heavy Industries, building upon our long-term relationship on various projects such as past FPSO fabrications and the current Prelude FLNG facility.”

James Fisher and Sons plc has announced the launch of James Fisher Subsea Excavation, the new trading name and brand of the sole dedicated MFE service provider worldwide.

The launch follows an exciting period of growth and development in James Fisher’s MFE business over the last 15 months that commenced with the combination of the assets and knowledge of KDM Marine with James Fisher’s HydroDigger fleet, as well as the assets of X-Subsea being acquired in May 2015, to deliver the current JFSE capability. JFSE is now able to deploy a significant range of MFE tooling and other assets from within the wider James Fisher group to support subsea projects globally.

“The launch of JFSE reflects our continued commitment to deliver the very best mass flow excavation services to our global client base. It also demonstrates the company’s strength in the marketplace and reassures our customers of our global reach, financial stability and position of strength for future growth” explained Kenneth Mackie, managing director of James Fisher Subsea Excavation.

James Fisher Subsea Excavation, led by a team with unrivalled experience, will support its customers from principal locations in Aberdeen, North America, Mexico, Dubai and Singapore with access to James Fisher’s facilities in more than forty countries to fully support customer operations globally.

“JFSE now has the world’s largest subsea mass flow excavation capability, meaning we can provide a comprehensive and value added service, with access to new regions and opportunities by leveraging the footprint and capabilities of the wider James Fisher Group. Our aim is to provide clarity and confidence to our customers, while developing our position in the global marketplace.” Concluded Aidan Douglas, group operations director at James Fisher and Sons plc.

The American Heart Association has recognized Danos for its commitment to employee health and wellness. The company was named a Gold-level Fit Friendly Worksite for offering employees physical activity support, healthy eating options and promoting a wellness culture.

Danos employees benefit from a variety of health and wellness initiatives, including an on-site gym that can be accessed by employees 24/7. The gym offers treadmills, elliptical trainers, stationary bikes and free weights, along with men’s and women’s locker rooms with shower facilities. The company’s new 61,000-square-foot facility also includes the Bayou Market, which offers healthy, affordable options for busy workers like soups, salads and sandwiches prepared fresh daily.

Danos also sponsors a number of local events, like half-marathons, 5K races and triathlons, and even pays the entry fee for employees who participate. Company-wide fitness challenges build teamwork and improve employee health.

“Danos is a family company, so we believe in putting our employees and their health first,” said Paul Danos, executive vice president. “We’re proud to offer a workplace that supports a healthy lifestyle.”

Dynamic Industries, Inc., a leading fabrication and service provider to the global Oil, Gas and Energy industries, announced that its specialty craft division, Dynamic Construction Services (DCS), has been awarded a key contract to provide fabrication, topsides installation and hookup services for a deepwater subsea tie-back in the Gulf of Mexico. Dynamic’s Harvey facility will be responsible for the fabrication scope as well as mobilization and management of offshore crews.

Matt Oubre, President of DCS said, “Dynamic is very excited about being awarded this high visibility project. We are confident that the focus on our Core Values – Safety, Quality, and Productivity – will allow us to successfully complete this project and pave the way for similar projects in the near future.”

West Africa, Mexico, Caribbean, South America and the Middle East.

InterMoor UK Operations, part of Acteon’s foundations and moorings business, has surpassed eight years and more than 2,520 projects without a single lost-time incident (LTI).

The safety record is held by InterMoor UK Operations – InterMoor Ltd, InterMoor Marine Services Ltd and ChainCo. Company operations span three bases, five storage yards and numerous quayside locations in the UK and globally.

Alan Duncan, managing director, InterMoor UK Operations, said, “Providing safe working environments and high-quality training for employees are vital for InterMoor. This milestone highlights the extent of our commitment to safety and the professionalism of our staff. It was achieved with the participation of the entire workforce, from quayside support personnel to senior management.”

In 2015, InterMoor UK Operations opened a new base in Aberdeen harbor and continued its focus on safety. The new equipment at the facility was assembled with a focus on safe, effective and efficient operations.

Bruce Strachan, quality assurance and health, safety and environment manager, InterMoor UK Operations, said, “Eight years without an LTI places InterMoor UK at the forefront of worldwide safety performance. Very few businesses of a comparable size have conducted operations for this length of time without recorded incidents. Of course, the aim is to continue the trend. Our target is, and will always be, zero accidents or incidents.

“InterMoor’s main focus is on nurturing our culture of safety. We do this by encouraging employees to get involved and contribute positively through developing hazard awareness and personal accountability.”

Fugro (Mexico) in conjunction with long-time associates, Diavaz, has been awarded an extension of the ongoing offshore geophysical and geotechnical campaign by the Mexican national oil company, PEMEX.

Geotechnical field operations, laboratory testing and Geoconsulting activities will support exploration drilling activities in the Bay of Campeche and deepwater locations in the Perdido area. The value of the contract extension is approximately USD 13 million. The field program is planned to start in October 2015, from the ultra-deepwater geotechnical and well services vessel Fugro Synergy, while the Geoconsulting program will continue through 2016. This contract extension represents a continuation of Fugro’s longstanding and successful relationship working with PEMEX and reinforces Fugro’s market leadership internationally as the preferred service provider for geotechnical, geophysical and geoconsulting services.

Fugro’s geotechnical soil data collection, lab testing and consultancy services are centered around onshore and offshore site investigation. The geotechnical information is used to design foundations for deepwater wells, offshore structures, on and offshore pipelines, ports, large buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure. Fugro is the largest global supplier of offshore geotechnical services.

Damen Marine Components (DMC), the oldest company in Damen Shipyards Group, has celebrated its 150th anniversary . DMC has grown from a very small shipyard established in Gorinchem in 1865, to become the largest nozzle builder in the world.

Via a live satellite link, around a 1,000 customers, employees, suppliers and colleagues, at its three main locations in Hardinxveld (the Netherlands), Jiangyin (China) and Gdańsk (Poland), will toast this historic occasion simultaneously.

Although DMC’s own roots were established in 1865 when Jan van de Giessen set up a business from a small wharf in the ‘Kalkhaven’, the history of shipbuilding in the area actually dates back to the 14th century. DMC itself was officially founded 10 years ago, when two Damen Group members were merged - Van de Giessen and Gdansk Engineering Works. GEW was actually the first company Damen Shipyards ever acquired outside of the Netherlands.

Looking back over the years, DMC Managing Director, Steef Staal told the audience how, above all, he believes DMC’s success is because it ‘has become a partner to its clients, rather than just a supplier’. “We help our clients and work together with them.”

Just in the last decade alone, DMC has nearly tripled its turnover to €36m and this has been possible due to Damen Shipyards’ willingness to invest in cutting-edge equipment and innovative production processes.

DMC has three large spinning machines, which are able to manufacture nozzles up 7.5 m in diameter. “Perhaps there is another builder out there able to make these spectacular nozzles but I am not aware of it!” He adds that it is not just about the spinning machines alone but crucially, the novel manufacturing technique deployed, which means that nozzles are made with only a single weld on the inner side.

As well as the vast range of top quality nozzles and rudders, DMC also manufactures shipbuilding constructions such as tailor-made stern sections for thrusters, crane foundations and crane arms.

Following on from the celebrations surrounding the 150th anniversary, DMC is also set to celebrate again, as it opens a second major production site in China in Jiangyin on November 27.

Damen has built this new production plant from scratch. At 11,000 sq m, the facility is nearly double its existing site at Suzhou. The facility will have its own spinning machine and state-of-the-art equipment including grinding and sanding robots and will see employee numbers grow to 120. The facility services Asia and the Middle East and US west coast.

“And as an employer in China, I would also like to stress that nearly all of our people have been with us from the early days. Damen takes care of our employees so we don’t see the rapid turnover of staff other companies do.”

Aart Vogelaar, General manager, Damen Marine Components Jiangyin Co., Ltd, comments: “At Suzhou we could not expand anymore so we decided to seek out another production plant. Jiangyin gives us expansion possibilities and it is also very close to our major customers, which have facilities in this area. This makes it very cost effective as we can deliver right on their doorstep.

“The new site will of course, be the usual Damen high quality and have quick delivery times. The new facility also allows us to broaden our offering with other products such as winches and thruster tunnels.

“Just as we did 10 years ago, Damen has again invested millions in China. This is not the easiest time here and I think this move shows the courage of Damen and how it takes the long-term view.”

Over the next few years, the Gdańsk site is also set to see a further 4,000 sq m added. In October, another, larger spinning machine is set to be operational. DMC Gdańsk already has a spinning machine able to manufacture nozzles of a diameter of 4.3 m, but the new one can handle nozzles up to 7.5 m. “Based on numerical data, we can programme any shape or profile required. Clients have found that such quality nozzles are not possible through traditional building methods. This is unique technology and I think it is reflective of Damen - the best ideas to get the quality required and the best technical solution.”

Steef concludes: “Jiangyin and the new, larger spinning machine in Gdańsk are just some of the latest investments of Damen, but DMC is continuously developing new equipment and fine-tuning its production methods. We continually aim to lower the number of labour hours and make processes as efficient as possible. We are making sure we are ready for the future.

“In the meantime on this very special occasion, I would like to thank all our customers, suppliers, partners and all our other relations for their cooperation, loyalty, faith and adherence during all these years. Without the fantastic colleagues in Jiangyin and Suzhou, Gdansk and Elblag and of course, Hardinxveld and Gorinchem, life would be dull and DMC unknown to you all. They are the spirit of our company. Together with our customers and suppliers we form one big Damen family!”

Expanding global inspection, repair, maintenance (IRM) and light construction company Harkand has united its African presence under the leadership of Doug Fieldgate as Africa General Manager.

Doug has 23 years of experience in the African Oil and Gas market primarily focused on West Africa – he will be based in the North America and Africa operations headquarters in Houston and will lead the company’s continued expansion into the region working closely with its consortium partners.

The assignment of a general manager for Africa follows Harkand’s successes in the region including the recent contract award by Technip in Ghana providing survey services and the one year contract for a major oil and gas operator to deliver ROV, project management, engineering and technical support services in Nigeria.

The company is focused on continuing its growth in Africa to incorporate the complete Harkand solution for the clients in the region including diving, ROV, survey and inspection services as well as project management and engineering activities.

In order to achieve this rapid expansion whilst maintaining focus on delivery and safety, Doug will draw on his considerable in-region experience to create a cohesive offering for operators throughout the African oil and gas sector, building on the vast experience and knowledge base derived from Harkand’s existing centers of excellence in the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea.

Harkand is committed to maintaining a robust local content position focused on skills transfer and training in any location it establishes a presence in Africa and is working closely with local, established organizations to ensure this goal is obtained. The company is dedicated to sharing knowledge, nurturing technology transference and indigenization of the workforce in any location it establishes a presence in Africa – this will support the region’s ability to grow independently and add value to the gross domestic product (GDP) and social enrichment.

Chief executive officer John Reed said: “Our strategic expansion into Africa will strengthen our ability to respond to the needs of our clients. Doug’s in-depth knowledge of the region and our successful collaboration with our local partners will ensure we achieve this goal in the various countries with a coordinated resilience.”

Mathieu Guillemin, non-executive director of Harkand and managing director at Oaktree Capital Management, added: “The expansion into Africa is another success in our overall strategy and we look forward to the continued progress. Financial strength is key for continuing to pursue the strategy and Oaktree stays committed to Harkand during the downturn in this cyclical market.”

Harkand provides offshore vessels, ROVs, diving, survey services, project management and engineering to the oil and gas and renewables industries. Headquartered in London with continually expanding operations bases in Aberdeen, Houston, Mexico, Nigeria, and Ghana, Harkand aims to be the leading subsea IRM and light construction contractor globally.

A recent survey conducted by Trelleborg’s offshore operation paints a positive industry outlook with decision makers taking a long term value-add view. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) rated product quality, responsiveness and skills above cost as the most important supplier attributes. In fact, only 4% cited cost as a primary driver in determining preferred partners. However, there is a missing value link, as in practice cost savings appear to be taking priority.

While suppliers with more substance may be winning-out at the tender stage, when it comes to implementation the temptation to try and make short term cost savings is clear. 78% of OEMs, operators, contractors and consultants admitted to changing the specification of a project for budgetary reasons.

Thor Hegg Eriksen, President of Trellebog’s offshore operation, says: The overall effect of reduced oil prices is applying pressure across the supply chain and that’s evidenced by the research findings. While the market buys into choosing a value-add partner over a purely transactional arrangement, it doesn’t appear to be maximizing the third party expertise we know can make the difference.

Our survey points toward an offshore industry that believes it is putting long term strategies first, when the research shows short term decisions with cost front of mind. The market also seems to under-prioritize some of the most important value-add attributes that it should be seeking from a provider that can compete on more than just price.

Innovation, for example, should be high on the agenda but it appears the link between new thinking, products and solutions and a healthier bottom line is missing.

Indeed, only 3% of respondents identified creative approach to the brief as a sought after supplier competency. This could lead to truly innovative suppliers being overlooked and potential overall cost savings being unexploited.”

Trelleborg’s offshore operation surveyed a global audience sample of original equipment manufacturers, operators, contractors and consultants, to identify ways in which the industry can respond to pressure against a backdrop of slowed market growth. Trelleborg studied the responses for its brand new Next Level Report to comprehend what is affecting corporations and how this pressure can be overcome.

You can download the Next Level Report here.

Jee Ltd, a leading independent multi-discipline subsea engineering and training firm, has secured a contract extension with BP for the provision of integrity management services and in-line inspection engineering support in the North Sea.

The contract involves project coordination, risk and corrosion management, span assessment, intelligent and operational pigging support and ad hoc engineering studies.

Jamie Burrows, Business Development Manager at Jee Ltd, said: “We pride ourselves on our collaborative approach when working with clients and aim to become a seamless extension of their team. We are delighted with the renewal of the contract with BP, as it demonstrates our robust relationship.

Jamie Burrows, Business Development Manager at Jee Ltd

“We are committed to providing quality engineering services in a technically advanced, secure and sustainable way. Our clients’ needs are always at the forefront of what we do, and it has become evident in the current climate that there is a strong focus on efficiency and cost reduction throughout the industry.”

Jee recently implemented a new business structure to strengthen its capabilities and champion the delivery of projects. The restructure underpins Jee’s core services including design, integrity management, pigging and late life, working to support current and future opportunities, and help ensure Jee is responding to its clients’ needs effectively and efficiently.

Mr Burrows continued: “We define the inspection interval that is required for our clients’ pipelines using a risk-based approach for cost optimisation. Our effective planning methods, combined with our in-depth experience of integrity management and in-line inspection, ensure each scope of work is examined and any potential challenges are identified and addressed early on, eliminating the need for costly changes. In addition, this ensures delays to the schedule of inspections are avoided, providing further cost savings.”

Jee has worked with BP for more than two decades on ad hoc global operations and project support in locations including Aberdeen, Grangemouth and London in the UK, and Angola, Azerbaijan, Norway and Trinidad internationally.

Jee is an independent subsea engineering and training company with offices in Aberdeen, London and Tonbridge. Jee’s multi-disciplined capabilities and integrated services include pipeline integrity management, pigging, third party verification, plugging analysis and verification, and cover the spectrum of subsea engineering for the whole of life-of-field.

Aqueos Corporation, a premier subsea service provider for the offshore oil and gas sectors of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific West Coast, receives a prestigious safety award from a major Offshore Oil & Gas operator.

This distinguished award was presented to Aqueos President and CEO, Ted Roche, during a recent Safety forum and recognizes Aqueos Corporation for “Safety Excellence” for working over 505,592 hours without a recordable injury. “This is evidence of the hard work and commitment of our offshore personnel, a supportive and talented project management and administrative staff, and steadfast senior management all working as a focused team,” comments Ted Roche.

Roche further commented, “We attribute a large part of our success to continuous improvement, communication, and remaining focused on our core value of safety. Even in these difficult market conditions, the team at Aqueos looks forward to continued managed growth without sacrificing our core values.”

Aqueos Corporation, with offices in Broussard, LA and Ventura, CA, provides marine construction and specialty subsea services, including a complete range of commercial diving, remotely operated vehicles (ROV’s) and vessel-related services primarily to the offshore oil and gas markets.

DOF Subsea has been awarded several major contracts with a total value in excess NOK 3 billion ($351Million), including options, securing both short term and long term utilization of assets and personnel.

In the North America region DOF Subsea has been successful in securing a major IMR contract with Husky Energy in support of their operations offshore Eastern Canada. The DOF Subsea team based in St. John's will supply IMR services over a period of 10 years firm, with options for an additional 10 years. The work scope includes an IMR vessel and 2 work class ROV systems and personnel. Offshore operations will commence in 4th quarter 2015 by mobilizing 2 work class ROVs on a third party vessel on charter to Husky, followed by delivery of a DOF IRM vessel in 2017. This IMR contract is of strategic importance for DOF Subsea, seeing the Group's presence in the Canadian offshore market being substantially strengthened as well as establishing a solid relationship with Husky Energy.

In addition, the North America region has been awarded a term contract in the Gulf of Mexico. The contract has a firm period of 10 months with option to extend, and the operations will commence in October 2015. One of the Group's subsea vessels will be utilized under the contract. The award is an extension of a current contract held by DOF Subsea North America for a key client in the region.

In the Asia Pacific region, several contract awards over the recent weeks with key clients will secure utilization of the regions vessels. The scope of work includes IMR services, mooring and light construction. With the recent awards, close to full utilization of the regions 4 vessels for the reminder of the year is secured, as well as a good visibility for 2016.

Mons S. Aase stated: "I am very pleased with the Group's ability to secure term work in a challenging market, and especially winning the Husky contract and strengthening the North America subsea region. This award is a team effort, utilizing the expertise within all disciplines in the DOF Group.

The total IMR contract award during 2015 is in excess of NOK 6.5 billion. Securing several strategic long-term IMR contracts will strengthen DOF Subsea's position within the global IMR market over the next years."

J2 Subsea, an Acteon company, has renewed its global sales and rental distribution partnership with WeSubsea. The partnership provides customers around the world with technical support from J2 Subsea, and global access to the WeSubsea range of baskets, dredgers and tooling, available for rental and sale.

John Walker, director, J2 Subsea, said, “J2 Subsea has extensive experience with high quality tooling, suitable for a range of subsea ROV operations. The J2 tooling fleet is for use in subsea operations, including construction, decommissioning and inspection, maintenance and repair. Our fleet is complemented by the WeSubsea tooling range of dredgers and baskets, and the renewed partnership supports J2’s strategy; to provide quality, integrated services through the creation of close partnerships and innovative tooling solutions. The partnership enables J2 to offer even more cost-effective solutions with outstanding support for customers worldwide.”

Rune Svendsen, CEO, WeSubsea, said, “WeSubsea dredgers are the most efficient in the marketplace, and can easily be operated by divers or ROVs. The dredgers are constructed mainly from titanium, and with few parts, in order to increase operational dependability and provide a lightweight, robust solution. The renewed agreement with J2 Subsea strengthens our ability to provide proven technology and innovative solutions to a growing global marketplace. Due to the ongoing commitment from all involved, the partnership has facilitated international expansion for both companies.”

WeSubsea’s new 4 in. titanium HC ROV dredger is the most powerful 4 in. ROV dredger on the market, and is used for the removal of clay, sand and gravel. The highly efficient unit is supplied ready for mounting to the ROV, with the new compact lightweight backflush system for quick and easy operation.

All WeSubsea products are supplied as complete out-of-the-box solutions for ROV operations, with accessories, as is standard for the J2 range of tooling.